INSURGENT SOCIAL CARTOGRAPHY
The process of characterizing traditional Caiçara, Quilombola and indigenous territories is carried out through social cartography of these communities, using the methodology of the New Insurgent Social Cartography and action research. This process is deepened and complemented by other participatory methodologies, with the objective of producing materials that reflect the socioeconomic, environmental and cultural reality experienced by these communities. In addition, it aims to map the conflicts that threaten these communities and to explain the traditional practices that constitute their collective identity. Insurgent social cartography allows the delimitation of the occupied territory from the perspective of those who truly understand this reality, promoting a faithful and authentic representation of traditional territories.
PROBLEM SOLVED
Traditional communities have historically been made invisible in the hegemonic territorial development process and are potentially impacted by large-scale oil and gas exploration projects in the Santos Basin. As a historical demand of the Traditional Communities Forum (FCT), the project to characterize these communities is a mitigation measure required by IBAMA within the scope of federal environmental licensing for Petrobras' oil and gas production activity in the Santos Basin Pre-Salt Cluster.
SOLUTION ADOPTED
In the first stage, the Traditional Communities Forum (FCT) and the Bocaina Observatory of Sustainable and Healthy Territories (OTSS) carried out the characterization of 96 traditional communities through social mapping processes in the municipalities of Angra dos Reis/RJ, Paraty/RJ and Ubatuba/SP. During the characterization process, the methodology of social mapping of the territory is used, led by social movements, community leaders and traditional populations. The central idea is to give the communities a leading role, addressing issues that stem from their own interests.
The strategy is developed based on micro-territories, where characterization and social mapping workshops are held, in addition to thematic sharing. These activities raise the demands of the communities in relation to issues such as health, education, sanitation, land tenure status of the territory, cultural practices, popular festivals, work and income, food security, governance methods, among others.
The project follows the following principles: a process planned, discussed and structured in successive meetings with the communities and their social organizations, networks and partnerships, which will define the pertinent studies and their priorities; it is up to the communities involved to define the themes to be focused on and those that require further study, considering the situation of vulnerability and existing socio-environmental conflicts; the project covers both the land and sea territories occupied by the selected communities; the activities developed use a language appropriate for each community; the characterization of traditional territories is carried out through physical and social mapping, georeferencing the information with personalized icons proposed by the communities, on scales that allow the visualization of details of interest to the communities; activities to raise awareness and mobilize the communities, as well as the return of the information collected and produced, are associated with exchanges and sharing of experiences between the communities involved, collective efforts and cultural activities; the decision on which information produced should be published and disseminated will be agreed upon with the communities involved and their social organizations, networks and partnerships.
RESULT ACHIEVED
In the first stage, the project characterized 96 traditional communities, many of which are considered World Heritage Sites. These communities were included in the dossier for the candidacy of Paraty and Ilha Grande, forming the first site in Brazil to be approved by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a mixed World Heritage site, which includes natural and cultural assets. Printed content was produced with maps created by the communities of 11 micro-territories in the municipalities of Angra dos Reis, Paraty and Ubatuba.
A second stage is being negotiated with Petrobras and Ibama, and will cover the municipalities of Ilhabela, São Sebastião, Caraguatatuba, Mangaratiba and Angra dos Reis (Ilha Grande).