PARTICIPATORY REDEVELOPMENT OF SANITATION SYSTEMS AND BATHROOMS

SOLUTION ADOPTED

For each of the villages, a specific solution was adopted to improve sanitary conditions. In the Itaxi indigenous village, the solution adopted was to renovate the existing bathroom and build compartmentalized septic tanks. Previously, the bathroom structure had two cabins with a toilet and a shower. In the proposed project, the showers were separated from the toilets, resulting in four toilet cabins and two with showers. For the sewage treatment system, a biosystem was built that separates gray water from toilet water. The process involves passing the water through grated boxes to the compartmentalized septic tanks, where the anaerobic digestion of organic matter occurs. The water then passes through planted anaerobic filters, which perform the filtration by incorporating oxygen through the roots of the plants. The plants used in the filtration system include Taboa, Taioba, Papiro, Chapéu de Couro, Lírio do Brejo and Heliconia. The materials used for the filtration system were tires, rubble, bamboo and gravel 01. After the filtration process, the effluents are directed to the final destination, called the Fertility Center. This center is composed of gravel 01, pieces of trunks, large and medium branches, straw and covered with banana leaves. Around the cavity, taro, banana trees and heliconias were planted. In the Araponga village, due to the difficulty of access for transporting materials, a compact Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) system was adopted. Initially, the renovation of the existing bathrooms was planned, but due to a notification from the Public Prosecutor's Office, FUNAI will be responsible for this renovation. The allocated funds were redirected to the construction of five individual bathrooms, selected through an internal decision by the village residents. The water treatment system, called Bioete, consists of two stages: screening and anaerobic reactor. The biological treatment used by Bioete consists of a method to increase the concentration of colonies of microorganisms formed in a continuous flow. This method uses biomass as a means to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from water and domestic reservoirs. The process involves an adsorption stage followed by a biological degradation phase through the anaerobic digestion of selected and biotechnologically activated microorganisms. These microorganisms are extremely effective in absorbing and adsorbing the compounds that make up the contaminant fraction of effluents or sewage, such as organic matter (BOD, COD, total solids) and nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen). The treatment system has five stages, which at the end of the filtration and purification process, generate class 2 standard water. The system treats sewage in a completely natural way, with up to 98% efficiency in removing impurities.